Fragmentation functions are fundamental components in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), encapsulating the probability that a high-energy quark or gluon produces a specific hadron during the hadronisation ...

When an energetic quark or gluon gets knocked free during a proton-proton collision, this free "parton" first generates a shower of other partons, which then "fragment" to form hadrons (h) such as ...

Fragmentation, or how things break, may seem like a truly random process, but new study shows that fragmentation will actually follow a process to maximize entropy. This behavior is a manifestation of ...

Physicists have shown that particles produced in collimated sprays called jets retain information about their origins in subatomic particle smashups. Physicists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE ...