This article considers causal inference for treatment contrasts from a randomized experiment using potential outcomes in a finite population setting. Adopting a Neymanian repeated sampling approach ...

Cochran (1977) outlines eleven steps in the planning of a survey. Good sampling methods must exist in the environment of all of these steps. These steps are (1) a statement of the survey objectives, ...

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Economists say rewards could overcome hurdles in gauging the overall infection and mortality rates from a limited population sample. By Eduardo Porter In March, Andrew Atkeson, an economics professor ...

For decades, policy makers, planners, researchers, the media, and the public have looked to the decennial census as the source of detailed information on the numbers and characteristics of the U.S.